What are the differences between low-voltage and high-voltage
lithium polymer batteries?
1. Main Difference: Voltage Platform and Energy Density
Low-voltage version: Typically refers to ternary lithium batteries
with a 3.6V/3.7V voltage platform. Its full-charge cutoff voltage
is generally 4.2V, and its discharge cutoff voltage is
approximately 2.75V-3.0V.
High-voltage version: Typically refers to ternary lithium batteries
with a 3.8V/3.85V voltage platform. Its full-charge cutoff voltage
is higher, generally 4.35V or 4.4V, and its discharge cutoff
voltage is also approximately 2.75V-3.0V.
Key Impact: At the same capacity (1000mAh), the high-voltage
version, due to its higher voltage platform, delivers more actual
electrical energy (Wh) according to the formula "Energy = Voltage ×
Capacity," providing a longer single-charge usage time for devices.
2. Applicable Devices and Charging Requirements
Low-voltage version (4.2V cutoff): Suitable for devices with
traditional designs whose charging management ICs (chips) only
support a 4.2V full-charge cutoff voltage. Using a low-voltage
battery in a high-voltage charging circuit may result in
insufficient charging and incomplete capacity utilization.
High-voltage version (4.35V/4.4V cutoff): Requires the device's
charging management IC to support a higher cutoff voltage. Using a
high-voltage battery in a device that only supports 4.2V charging
will prevent the battery from being fully charged, significantly
reducing its usable capacity. Conversely, using a high-voltage
charger to charge a low-voltage battery can lead to overcharging,
posing a safety risk.
3. Materials and Cycle Life
Differences in voltage platforms stem from adjustments to the
cathode material formulation, thus affecting cycle life.
Low-voltage version: The cathode material formulation is more
mature, resulting in relatively better cycle stability. Under
standard charge and discharge conditions, the cycle life typically
reaches 500-800 cycles (capacity retention ≥80%).
High-voltage version: To improve the voltage platform, the cathode
material undergoes special modifications, but the material
structure is more prone to aging under high-voltage conditions.
Therefore, its cycle life is usually slightly lower than that of
the low-voltage version, generally between 400-600 cycles (capacity
retention ≥80%).
Mobile Devices
Ideal for smartphones, tablets, and wearable devices like
smartwatches and fitness trackers, offering high energy density in
compact sizes for extended usage.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs/Drones)
Perfect for drones requiring lightweight, high-energy-density
batteries to support extended flight durations and mission
capabilities.
Electric Vehicles
Suitable for smaller EVs including electric scooters and bikes,
benefiting from their lightweight construction and high energy
output.
