| Sulfate (sulfuric acid) method | Chloride method |
|---|
| Drying, grinding concentrate | Drying, grinding concentrate |
| Decomposition | Drying, grinding of coke |
| Reduction of iron 3+ to iron 2+ | Burden mix melting in ore-thermal furnaces |
| Solution purification | Hot metal and slag casting into moulds |
| Pan crystallization | Cooling and water herdening |
| Centrifugal removal of copperas | Slag crushing and grinding |
| Vacuum-evaporating | Slag mixing with tar |
| Hydrolysis | Slag briquetting |
| White filtration | Slag chlorination |
| Whitening and salt treatment | Capture of TiCl4 in refrigerators |
| Calcination | 1st rectifivation of TiCl4 |
| Dry grindin | 2nd rectifivation of TiCl4 |
| Wet grinding | TiCl4 burning |
| Hydraulic classification | TiO2 and Cl2 capture |
| Surface treatment | Surface treatment |
Applications of titanium dioxide other than pigment production are
as follows:
Production of fiber optic products
Titanium dioxide, with a chemical purity of 99.9998%, is used in
producing optical fiber products, medical equipment, and the
radio-electronic industry. In manufacturing ultra-pure glasses,
titanium dioxide serves as a purity reference.
Synthetic fibers and textiles
For matting twisted fibre.
Cosmetics
For protection against ultraviolet radiation in sunblock creams,
for higher whitening effect of toothpastes, soaps, etc.
Food industry
For higher whitening effect in products, for protection of product
package color (plastics) against ultraviolet radiation.
Pharmaceutical industry
For higher whitening effect in pharma products.
Printing paint
To increase weather resistance of coatings.
Catalyst
Photocatalyst and inert ceramic base material for active
components.
Nanotechnology
Titanium dioxide nanopowders are used for air purification in
cities, in producing nanofiber paper based on TiO2, in hydrogen
energy, etc.
