ASTM A213 T2 T5 T9 T11 T12 Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Boiler and Heat-Exchanger Tubes
Material
ASTM A213 specifies the requirements for seamless ferritic alloy-steel boiler and heat-exchanger tubes. These tubes are designed for high-temperature service and are commonly used in power generation and other industrial applications.
Specification
The specification covers several grades of alloy steel, including T2, T5, T9, T11, and T12. Each grade has unique properties and is suitable for different applications based on temperature and pressure requirements.
Key Features
- High-Temperature Resistance: Designed to withstand high temperatures and pressures.
- Seamless Construction: Provides uniform strength and eliminates the risk of weld defects.
- Corrosion Resistance: Alloying elements enhance resistance to oxidation and corrosion.
- Versatility: Suitable for various applications in power plants, refineries, and chemical processing.
Chemical Composition
| Grade | Carbon (C) | Manganese (Mn) | Phosphorus (P) | Sulfur (S) | Chromium (Cr) | Molybdenum (Mo) | Nickel (Ni) |
| T2 | 0.05 max | 0.30 - 0.60 | 0.025 max | 0.025 max | 0.5 - 1.0 | - | - |
| T5 | 0.05 max | 0.30 - 0.60 | 0.025 max | 0.025 max | 0.5 - 1.0 | 0.25 - 0.50 | - |
| T9 | 0.05 max | 0.30 - 0.60 | 0.025 max | 0.025 max | 0.5 - 1.0 | 0.90 - 1.50 | - |
| T11 | 0.05 max | 0.30 - 0.60 | 0.025 max | 0.025 max | 0.5 - 1.0 | 0.40 - 0.60 | 0.30 - 0.60 |
| T12 | 0.05 max | 0.30 - 0.60 | 0.025 max | 0.025 max | 0.5 - 1.0 | 0.90 - 1.50 | 0.30 - 0.60 |
Mechanical Properties
| Grade | Yield Strength (ksi) | Tensile Strength (ksi) | Elongation (%) | Hardness (HB) |
| T2 | 30 | 60 - 80 | 30 | 150 max |
| T5 | 30 | 70 - 90 | 20 | 160 max |
| T9 | 30 | 70 - 90 | 20 | 160 max |
| T11 | 30 | 70 - 90 | 20 | 160 max |
| T12 | 30 | 70 - 90 | 20 | 160 max |
Steel Grade
The steel grades T2, T5, T9, T11, and T12 are categorized based on their chemical composition and mechanical properties, making them suitable for specific applications in high-temperature environments.
Application
These seamless tubes are primarily used in:
- Boilers: For steam generation in power plants.
- Heat Exchangers: In various industrial processes.
- Pipelines: For transporting fluids at high temperatures and pressures.
Possible Alternative Grades
While ASTM A213 grades are widely used, alternative grades may include:
- ASTM A335: For seamless ferritic alloy-steel pipes.
- ASTM A192: For seamless carbon steel boiler tubes.
- ASTM A106: For seamless carbon steel pipes for high-temperature service.
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