Sapphire is composed of alumina, and its crystal structure is
hexagonal lattice structure.
Synthetic sapphire common application facets are A-Plane,C-Plane,
and R-Plane. Due to the wide optical penetration band of sapphire,
it has good light transmission from near ultraviolet (190nm) to
mid-infrared. Therefore, it is widely used in optical components,
infrared devices, high-intensity laser lens materials.
Sapphire also has the characteristics of high sound velocity, high
temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high hardness, high
light transmittance, high melting point (2045℃), etc., so it is
often used as a material for photoelectric components.
Properties of Single Crystal Sapphire:
| Chemical formula | Al₂O₃ |
| Purity | 99.999% |
| Crystal structure | Hexagonal |
| Density | 3.98g/cm³ |
| Hardness Mohs | 9 |
| Fusion point | 2045℃ |
| Boiling point | 2980℃ |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 5.8×10 -6 /K |
| Specific heat | 0.418W.s/g/k |
| Thermal conduction | 25.12W/m/k(@100°C) |
| Refractive index | no=1.768 ne=1.760 |
| dn/dt | 13×10-6/K(@633nm) |
| Transmission | T≈80%(0.3-5μm) |
| Permittivity | 11.5(//c), 9.3(⊥c) |
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