Sapphire Tube length 50.8 mm Pressure Resistant Customized Size
Single Crystal Al2O3
Our Single Crystal Al₂O₃ Pressure Resistant Sapphire Tubes are
engineered for extreme environments requiring high pressure
resistance, optical clarity, and chemical inertness. Available in
2-inch (50.8mm) standard diameter with customizable lengths and
wall thicknesses, these tubes are manufactured using premium-grade
α-Al₂O₃ crystals through the Kyropoulos (KY) or Edge-defined
Film-fed Growth (EFG) methods. With a burst pressure rating up to
10,000 psi (depending on wall thickness) and thermal stability from
-200°C to 1,800°C, they are ideal for high-pressure viewports,
semiconductor processing, and defense applications.
Key advantages over quartz or polycrystalline alumina:
✔ 3× higher mechanical strength (Flexural strength: 600-800 MPa)
✔ Superior thermal shock resistance (ΔT >500°C)
✔ Zero outgassing in vacuum/UHV environments
✔ Custom optical polishing (Ra <0.02μm) for laser-grade
transparency
Key Features of Sapphire Tubes
1.Sapphire Tube Pressure Resistance
- Burst pressure: 5,000–10,000 psi (varies by WT)
- Safe working pressure: 30–50% of burst pressure
- Hydrostatic tested: Each tube certified to 1.5× working pressure
2.Sapphire Tube Material Excellence
- Single crystal α-Al₂O₃: C-axis (0001) orientation standard
- Purity: >99.995% (4N5) with <10 defects/cm²
- Density: 3.98 g/cm³
3. Sapphire Tube Thermal Performance
- Max temperature: 1,800°C (inert), 1,200°C (oxidizing)
- Thermal conductivity: 35 W/m·K @25°C
- CTE: 5.3×10⁻⁶/°C (25–500°C)
4. Sapphire Tube Optical Clarity
- Transmission: >85% (200–5,500 nm)
- Surface finish options:
- Standard polish: Ra <0.02μm
- Laser-grade polish: Ra <0.005μm
5. Customization
- Diameter: 2" standard (50.8mm), other sizes 0.5–8"
- Wall thickness: 0.04–1.0" (1–25mm)
- Length: Up to 60" (1,500mm)
- Coatings: AR/HR/DLC available
Applications of Sapphire Tubes
1. High-Pressure Systems
- Oil/gas downhole sensors: Withstands >5,000 psi at 300°C
- Supercritical fluid reactors: Corrosion-resistant to CO₂/H₂S
2. Semiconductor & Vacuum
- Plasma etcher liners: Erosion-resistant for SiC/GaN processing
- MBE/UHV viewports: Zero outgassing at 10⁻¹⁰ Torr
3. Defense & Aerospace
- Missile dome prototypes: Hypervelocity impact resistant
- Deep-sea ROV lights: 10,000m pressure rating (1,100 atm)
4. Scientific Research
- Diamond anvil cell components: For >1M atm experiments
- Fusion reactor diagnostics: Neutron radiation tolerant
5. Industrial Process
- High-pressure burner tubes: For 1,500°C combustion
- Chemical injection probes: Resists HF/H₃PO₄
Specifications
Category | Parameter | Specification |
|---|
| Dimensions | Inner Diameter (ID) | 2.00" ±0.002" (50.8mm) |
| Wall Thickness (WT) | 0.04–0.40" (1–10mm) |
| Length (L) | 1–60" (25–1,500mm) |
| Mechanical | Burst Pressure | 5,000–10,000 psi |
| Flexural Strength | 600–800 MPa |
| Hardness | 2,000 HV (Mohs 9) |
| Thermal | Max Temp (Inert) | 1,800°C |
| Thermal Shock | ΔT >500°C |
| Optical | Transmission | >85% (200–5,500nm) |
| Surface Roughness | Ra <0.02μm (standard) |
| Electrical | Resistivity | >10¹⁴ Ω·cm |
FAQ
Q1: How does wall thickness affect pressure rating?
- 0.1" WT: ~3,000 psi working pressure
- 0.25" WT: ~7,500 psi working pressure
- 0.4" WT: ~10,000 psi burst pressure
Q2: What’s the lead time for custom sizes?
- Standard 2" tubes: 4 weeks
- Custom WT/Length: 6–8 weeks
- Coated/threaded: +2 weeks
Q3: How does sapphire compare to quartz for pressure?
Property | Sapphire (2"x0.25") | Fused Quartz |
|---|
| Burst Pressure | 7,500 psi | 1,500 psi |
| Max Temp | 1,800°C | 1,100°C |
| Cost | $$$ | $ |
Q4: Can sapphire tubes be repaired if cracked?
No – Single crystal sapphire cannot be welded/repaired.
