Round Copper Based Nicr Alloy 180 Class Insulated Enameled Copper
Wire
1.Material General Description
1)
Manganin is an alloy of typically 84% copper, 12% manganese, and 4% nickel.
Manganin wire and foil are used in the manufacture of resistors,
particularl ammeter shunt, because of its virtually zero
temperature coefficient of resistance and long term stability.
Several Manganin resistors served as the legal standard for the ohm
in the United States from 1901 to 1990. Manganin wire is also used
as an electrical conductor in cryogenic systems, minimizing heat
transfer between points which need electrical connections.
Manganin is also used in gauges for studies of high-pressure shock
waves (such as those generated from the detonation of explosives)
because it has low strain sensitivity but high hydrostatic pressure sensitivity.
2)
Constantan is a copper-nickel alloy also known as Eureka, Advance, and Ferry. It usually consists of 55% copper and 45% nickel. Its main feature is its resistivity, which is constant over a wide range of temperatures. Other alloys
with similarly low temperature coefficients are known, such as manganin (Cu86Mn12Ni2).
For the measurement of very large strains, 5% (50 000 microstrian) or above, annealed constantan (P alloy) is the grid material
normally selected. Constantan in this form is very ductile; and, in gauge lengths of 0.125 inches (3.2 mm) and longer, can be
strained to >20%. It should be borne in mind, however, that
under high cyclic strains the P alloy will exhibit some permanent
resistivity change with each cycle, and cause a corresponding zero shift in the strain gauge. Because of this characteristic, and the
tendency for premature grid failure with repeated straining, P
alloy is not ordinarily recommended for cyclic strain applications.
P alloy is available with S-T-C numbers of 08 and 40 for use on
metals and plastics, respectively.
2. Enamelled Wire Introduction and applications
Although described as "enameled", enameled wire is not, in fact,
coated with either a layer of enamel paint nor with vitreous enamel
made of fused glass powder. Modern magnet wire typically uses one
to four layers (in the case of quad-film type wire) of polymer film
insulation, often of two different compositions, to provide a
tough, continuous insulating layer. Magnet wire insulating films
use (in order of increasing temperature range) polyvinyl formal
(Formar), polyurethane, polyimide, polyamide, polyster,
polyester-polyimide, polyamide-polyimide (or amide-imide), and
polyimide. Polyimide insulated magnet wire is capable of operation
at up to 250 °C. The insulation of thicker square or rectangular
magnet wire is often augmented by wrapping it with a
high-temperature polyimide or fiberglass tape, and completed
windings are often vacuum impregnated with an insulating varnish to
improve insulation strength and long-term reliability of the
winding.
Self-supporting coils are wound with wire coated with at least two
layers, the outermost being a thermoplastic that bonds the turns
together when heated.
Other types of insulation such as fiberglass yarn with varnish,
aramid paper, kraft paper, mica, and polyester film are also widely
used across the world for various applications like transformers
and reactors. In the audio sector, a wire of silver construction,
and various other insulators, such as cotton (sometimes permeated
with some kind of coagulating agent/thickener, such as beeswax) and
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) can be found. Older insulation
materials included cotton, paper, or silk, but these are only
useful for low-temperature applications (up to 105°C).
For ease of manufacturing, some low-temperature-grade magnet wire
has insulation that can be removed by the heat of soldering. This
means that electrical connections at the ends can be made without
stripping off the insulation first.
3.Chemical Composition and Main Property of Cu-Ni Low Resistance
Alloy
PropertiesGrade
| CuNi1
| CuNi2
| CuNi6
| CuNi8
| CuMn3
| CuNi10
|
Main Chemical Composition
| Ni
| 1
| 2
| 6
| 8
| _
| 10
|
Mn
| _
| _
| _
| _
| 3
| _
|
Cu
| Bal
| Bal
| Bal
| Bal
| Bal
| Bal
|
Max Continuous Service Temperature(oC)
| 200
| 200
| 200
| 250
| 200
| 250
|
Resisivity at 20oC (Ωmm2/m)
| 0.03
| 0.05
| 0.10
| 0.12
| 0.12
| 0.15
|
Density(g/cm3)
| 8.9
| 8.9
| 8.9
| 8.9
| 8.8
| 8.9
|
Thermal Conductivity(α×10-6/oC)
| <100
| <120
| <60
| <57
| <38
| <50
|
Tensile Strength(Mpa)
| ≥210
| ≥220
| ≥250
| ≥270
| ≥290
| ≥290
|
EMF vs Cu(μV/oC)(0~100oC)
| -8
| -12
| -12
| -22
| _
| -25
|
Approximate Melting Point( oC)
| 1085
| 1090
| 1095
| 1097
| 1050
| 1100
|
Micrographic Structure
| austenite
| austenite
| austenite
| austenite
| austenite
| austenite
|
Magnetic Property
| non
| non
| non
| non
| non
| non
|
|
PropertiesGrade
| CuNi14
| CuNi19
| CuNi23
| CuNi30
| CuNi34
| CuNi44
|
Main Chemical Composition
| Ni
| 14
| 19
| 23
| 30
| 34
| 44
|
Mn
| 0.3
| 0.5
| 0.5
| 1.0
| 1.0
| 1.0
|
Cu
| Bal
| Bal
| Bal
| Bal
| Bal
| Bal
|
Max Continuous Service Temperature(oC)
| 300
| 300
| 300
| 350
| 350
| 400
|
Resisivity at 20oC (Ωmm2/m)
| 0.20
| 0.25
| 0.30
| 0.35
| 0.40
| 0.49
|
Density(g/cm3)
| 8.9
| 8.9
| 8.9
| 8.9
| 8.9
| 8.9
|
Thermal Conductivity(α×10-6/oC)
| <30
| <25
| <16
| <10
| <0
| <-6
|
Tensile Strength(Mpa)
| ≥310
| ≥340
| ≥350
| ≥400
| ≥400
| ≥420
|
EMF vs Cu(μV/oC)(0~100oC)
| -28
| -32
| -34
| -37
| -39
| -43
|
Approximate Melting Point( oC)
| 1115
| 1135
| 1150
| 1170
| 1180
| 1280
|
Micrographic Structure
| austenite
| austenite
| austenite
| austenite
| austenite
| austenite
|
Magnetic Property
| non
| non
| non
| non
| non
| non
|
